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PostSubject: Scratch Download~   Scratch Download~ I_icon_minitimeFri Dec 04, 2009 9:19 pm

Resources from http://scratch.mit.edu/

Scratch
Official Website: http://scratch.mit.edu/

Downloads:
Scratch Download~ =scratch-WINScratch Installer For Mac OS X
Compatible with Mac OSX 10.4 or later MacScratch1.4.dmg
Scratch Download~ =scratch-MacScratch Installer for Windows
Compatible with Windows 2000, XP, Vista
ScratchInstaller1.4.exe
How to Get Started with Scratch Software

1) Download Scratch software. (It's free!)

Scratch Download~ =scrach1.4
2) Install and launch Scratch software on your computer.

Scratch Download~ =scratch-program-icon
3) To make your first project, follow the steps in the Getting Started guide.

Scratch Download~ =howto-getting-started-thumb Or, you can watch the Scratch intro video.

4) Share your project on the Scratch website.

Scratch Download~ =share_button99
To share, you will need to sign up for an account on the website.

1. INTRODUCTION

Scratch
is a new programming language that makes it easy to create interactive
stories, games, and animations – and share your creations with others
on the web.

This Reference Guide provides an overview of the
Scratch software. If you are just getting started with Scratch, we
encourage you to try the Getting Started Guide first (available from
the Support section on the Scratch website). Then, if you want more
detailed information, come back to the Reference Guide.

The
Scratch website has many other resources to help you learn Scratch:
Video tutorials, Scratch cards, and Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).
Please see http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Support/

This guide is for Scratch version 1.4, released July 2009.
Scratch
is developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab,
with funding from the National Science Foundation, Microsoft, Intel
Foundation, Nokia, and the MIT Media Lab research consortia.
BASIC INGREDIENTS OF A SCRATCH PROJECTS

Scratch
projects are made up of objects called sprites. You can change how a
sprite looks by giving it a different costume. You can make a sprite
look like a person or a train or a butterfly or anything else. You can
use any image as a costume: you can draw an image in the Paint Editor,
import an image from your hard disk, or drag in an image from a
website.

You can give instructions to a sprite, telling it to
move or play music or react to other sprites. To tell a sprite what to
do, you snap together graphic blocks into stacks, called scripts. When
you click on a script, Scratch runs the blocks from the top of the
script to the bottom.

2. SCRATCH INTERFACE

Scratch Download~ =ScratchInterfaceV1.4
STAGE

The
Stage is where you see your stories, games, and animations come to
life. Sprites move and interact with one another on the Stage. The
Stage is 480 units wide and 360 units tall. It is divided into an x-y
grid. The middle of the Stage has an x-coordinate of 0 and a
y-coordinate of 0. Scratch Download~ =StageXY To find out x-y positions on the Stage, move the mouse (cursor) around and look at the mouse x-y display just below the Stage Scratch Download~ =Mouse-XY
Scratch Download~ =presentation-mode Click the Presentation Mode button when you want to present your project. To exit Presentation Mode, press the Esc key. Scratch Download~ =ViewMode
Click the View Mode buttons to switch between small and large stage
view. You can use small stage view to display Scratch on small screens
or to expand the scripts Area.

NEW SPRITES

When you start a new Scratch project, it begins with a single cat sprite.
To create new sprites, click on these buttons:
Scratch Download~ =button-paint Paint your own costume for a new sprite using the Paint Editor.
Scratch Download~ =button-open Select a costume for a new sprite – or import an entire sprite.
Scratch Download~ =button-surprise Get a surprise sprite.

If
you want to delete a sprite, select the scissors from the Toolbar and
click on the sprite. Or right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on the sprite and
select delete from the pop-up menu.

To make a sprite that looks
like part of the Stage background, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) the
Stage and select grab screen region for new sprite.
SPRITE LIST

The Sprite List displays thumbnails for all sprites in a project. The name of each sprite appears below its thumbnail.
Scratch Download~ =sprite-list

To
see and edit a sprite’s scripts, costumes, and sounds, click on the
sprite’s thumbnail in the Sprite List – or double-click on the sprite
itself on the Stage. (The selected sprite is highlighted and outlined
in blue in the Sprite List.)

To show, export, duplicate, or
delete a sprite, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on the sprite’s
thumbnail in the Sprite List. To show a sprite that is off the Stage or
hidden, Shift+click on the sprite’s thumbnail in the Sprite List - this
will bring the sprite to the middle of the Stage and show it.

You can rearrange the sprites in the Sprite List by dragging the thumbnails.

Just
as a sprite can change its appearance by switching costumes, the Stage
can change its appearance by switching backgrounds. To see and edit the
scripts, backgrounds, and sounds associated with the Stage, click on
the Stage icon at the left of the Sprite List.
BLOCKS PALETTE and scriptS AREA

To program a sprite, drag blocks from the Blocks Palette to the scripts Area. To run a block, click on it.

Create
scripts (programs) by snapping blocks together into stacks. Click
anywhere on the stack to run the whole script, from top to bottom.

To find out what a block does, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on it, then select help from the pop-up menu.
When
you drag a block around the scripts Area, a white highlight indicates
where you can drop the block and form a valid connection with another
block.

To move a stack, pick it up from the top block. If you
drag out a block from the middle of a stack, all of the blocks beneath
it will come along with it. To copy a stack of blocks from one sprite
to another, drag the stack to the thumbnail of the other sprite in the
Sprite List.

Some blocks have white editable text fields inside, such as Scratch Download~ =Move_10_Steps. To change the value, click inside the white area and type in a number. You can also drop rounded blocks, like Scratch Download~ =xposition, inside these areas.

Some blocks also have pull-down menus, such as Scratch Download~ =Set_Instrument_To. Click to see the menu, then click again to make a selection.
To
clean up the scripts Area, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) and select
clean up from the menu. To export a screenshot of the scripts Area,
right-click and select save picture of scripts.

To add a comment
to the scripts Area, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) and select add
comment. A yellow comment area will appear, and you can type in text.

Scratch Download~ =Comment

To
resize the width of the comment area, use the handle on the right edge.
Click the triangle at the top-left to collapse or expand the comment
area.

Comments can be added anywhere in the scripts area, and you can move them around by dragging them.

To
attach a comment to a block, drag the comment on top of the block. To
detach the comment, drag the comment away from the block.

COSTUMES

Click the Costumes tab to see and edit the sprite’s costumes.

Scratch Download~ =CostumesTab
This Sprite has two costumes. The sprite’s current costume (girl1-walking) is highlighted. To switch to a different costume, simply click on the thumbnail of the costume you want.

There are four ways to create new costumes:


  • Click Scratch Download~ =Paint_Costume_Buttonto paint a new costume in the Paint Editor.
  • Click Scratch Download~ =Import_Costume_Buttonto import an image file from your hard disk.
  • Click Scratch Download~ =CameraCostumeButton to take photos from a webcam (built into or connected to your computer). Each time you click the Scratch Download~ =Camera button (or press the spacebar), it takes a photo.


  • Drag in one or more images from the web or your desktop.
Scratch recognizes many image formats: JPG, BMP, PNG, GIF (including animated GIF).

Each
costume has a costume number (displayed to its left). You can rearrange
the order of the costumes by dragging the thumbnails. The costume
numbers update if you change their order.

Right-click (Mac:
Ctrl+click) on a costume thumbnail to convert the costume into a new
sprite, or to export a copy of the costume as a separate file.

SOUNDS

Click the Sounds tab to see the sprite’s sounds.
Scratch Download~ =Sound_Panel

You
can record new sounds or import sound files. Scratch can read MP3 files
and uncompressed WAV, AIF, and AU files (encoded with 8-bits or 16-bits
per sample, but not 24-bits per sample).

CURRENT SPRITE INFO

Scratch Download~ =Current_Sprite_Info
Current Sprite Info shows a sprite’s name, x-y position, direction, lock state, and pen state.

You can type in a new name for the sprite.

The
sprite’s direction indicates which direction the sprite will move when
it runs a move block (0=up, 90=right, 180=down, -90=left). The blue
line on the thumbnail shows the sprite’s direction. You can drag this
line to change the sprite’s direction. Double-click on the sprite to
set the direction back to its original state (direction=90).

Click the Lock to change the sprite’s lock state. An unlocked sprite can be dragged in presentation mode and the web player. You can see the current pen color (next to the Lock) when the pen is down.

To
export a sprite, right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) the sprite on the Stage
or in the Sprite List. Exporting saves the sprite as a .sprite file,
which can then be imported into another project.

ROTATION STYLE

Click the Rotation Style buttons to control how the costume appears as the sprite changes its direction.
Scratch Download~ =Rotate_Button Rotate: The costume rotates as the sprite changes direction.
Scratch Download~ =Flip_Button Left-right flip: The costume faces either left or right.
Scratch Download~ =No-Rotate_Button No-rotate: The costume never rotates (even as the sprite changes direction).
TOOLBAR

Scratch Download~ =Toolbar Click on the Toolbar to select a tool, then click on other objects to perform an action.
Scratch Download~ =Copy_Button Duplicate: Duplicate sprites, costumes, sounds, blocks, and scripts. (Shift+click for multiple.)
Scratch Download~ =Cut_ButtonDelete: Delete sprites, costumes, sounds, blocks, and scripts. (Shift+click for multiple.)
Scratch Download~ =Grow_Button Grow: Make sprites bigger. (Shift+click for larger size steps.)
Scratch Download~ =Shrink_Button Shrink: Make sprites smaller. (Shift+click for larger size steps.)

To return to the arrow cursor Scratch Download~ =Arrow_Button , click on any blank area of the screen.

MENU

Scratch Download~ =MenuBar

Click the Language icon Scratch Download~ =languages-icon
to change the language for the Scratch user interface. Anyone can add
or edit language translations of Scratch. To add or change a
translation, please refer to the Support section of the Scratch website
(http://info.scratch.mit.edu/Translation/).

Click the Save icon Scratch Download~ =SaveIcon to save your project.

Click the Share icon Scratch Download~ =ShareIcon to upload your project to the Scratch website.

From the File
menu you can create a new project, open an existing project, and save
projects to the Scratch Projects folder or to other locations.

Import Project
brings all of the sprites and backgrounds from another project into the
current project. This feature is useful for combining sprites from
multiple projects.

Export Sprite saves the current sprite as a .sprite file, which can then be imported into another project.

Project Notes allows you to write and save notes about your project, such as instructions on how to use it.
Quit exits the Scratch program.

The Edit menu provides several features for editing the current project.

Undelete allows you to retrieve the last block, script, or sprite you deleted.

Start Single Stepping
allows you to watch Scratch programs run one step at a time. Each block
is highlighted as it runs. This feature can be useful for finding bugs
in programs, and for helping new programmers understand the flow of a
program. Set Single Stepping allows you to choose the speed of single stepping (from slow to turbo speed).

Compress Sounds or Compress Images to reduce the overall project file size. Compressing may reduce the quality of the sounds or images.

Show Motor Blocks
adds motor blocks to the Motion category. You can use the motor blocks
to program a motor connected to your computer. The motor blocks work
with LEGO®️ Education WeDo™️ (http://www.legoeducation.com).

From the Share menu you can upload your project to the Scratch website.

From the Help
menu you can access a Help page with links to reference materials,
tutorials, and frequently asked questions. You can also access a page
with all the Scratch help screens.
GREEN FLAG

The Green Flag provides a convenient way to start many scripts at the same time.
Click the Green Flag Scratch Download~ =GreenFlag (at the top-right corner of the stage) to start all scripts that have Scratch Download~ =WhenGreenFlag at the top.

The Green Flag remains highlighted while scripts are running.

In Presentation Mode, pressing the Enter key has the same effect as clicking the Green Flag.

On the Scratch website, as soon as you view a project, the Green Flag is automatically triggered.

PAINT EDITOR

You can use the Paint Editor to create or edit costumes and backgrounds. Scratch Download~ =painteditorlabeled The Paint Editor Toolbar has the following tools:

Paintbrush: Paint freehand using the current foreground color. When you click on this tool, the Options Area shows the brush size. Click Scratch Download~ =Down_Arrow to pick a different brush size.

Eraser:
Erase with freehand strokes. The areas that you erase become
transparent. When you click on this tool, the Options Area shows the
eraser size. Click Scratch Download~ =Down_Arrow to pick a different eraser size.

Fill:
Fill connected areas with a solid color or gradient. When you click
this tool, the Options Area shows the fill style (solid color,
horizontal gradient, vertical gradient, or radial gradient). Gradients
blend from the selected foreground color to the selected background
color.

Rectangle: Draw a filled or outlined
rectangle (Shift+drag for a square) using the current foreground color.
When you click this tool, the Options Area shows the fill style (solid
or outlined). Ellipse: Draw a filled or
outlined ellipse (Shift+drag for a circle) using the current foreground
color. When you click this tool, the Options Area shows the fill style
(solid or outlined). Line: Draw a straight line
(Shift+drag for a horizontal or vertical line) using the current
foreground color. When you click on this tool, the Options Area shows
the brush size. Click Scratch Download~ =Down_Arrow to pick a different brush size.

Text:
Add text to the drawing. When you click on this tool, the Options Area
allows you to change the font face and font size. Each costume can only
have one block of text.

Selection: Select a
rectangular region, then move it to a new location (press delete to
remove the selection, Shift+delete or Shift+backspace to crop).

Stamp: Select a rectangular region, then copy it to new locations (Shift+click+drag for repeated stamping).

Eyedropper:
Use the tip of the eyedropper to choose the foreground color (click on
the Canvas and drag the eyedropper to pick a color from outside the
Canvas).

The Current Colors (foreground and
background) are shown below the Options Area. You can click the color
swap arrow to exchange the foreground and background colors. Click in
one of the Color Palettes to pick a new foreground color (Shift+click
to select a background color).

Click the Set Costume Center button
to select the location within the drawing that will be used as the
center of rotation when the Costume is rotated on the Stage.

Click the Zoom
buttons (in or out) to increase or decrease the view magnification of
the Canvas. When the zoom is greater than 100%, scroll bars are used to
pan around the Canvas. Zoom does not change the size of the image.

Click on the Import button to open an image from file and add it to the Canvas.

Click the Clear button to remove all content from the Canvas.

To change the size of the Canvas content, or just the current selection, click on the Scale
buttons (grow or shrink). You can Shift+click on the buttons to enter
a precise value. Shrinking decreases the size and resolution of the
image.

To rotate the Canvas content, or just the current selection, click on the Rotate buttons (counter-clockwise or clockwise). You can Shift+click on the buttons to enter a precise value.

To flip the Canvas content, or just the current selection, click on the Flip buttons (horizontal or vertical).

If you make a mistake, you can click the Undo button repeatedly to undo the last several actions. If you change your mind, you can click the Redo button to restore the undone actions.


3. SCRATCH BLOCKS

TYPES OF BLOCKS

There are three main types of blocks in the Blocks Palette:

Stack Blocks: These blocks have bumps on the bottom and/or notches on the top, such as Scratch Download~ =Hide.
You can snap these blocks together into stacks. Some stack blocks have
an input area inside them, where you can type a number (such as 10 in
the Scratch Download~ =move10stepsblock) or choose an item from a pull-down menu (such as pop in the Scratch Download~ =Play_Sound block). Some stack blocks, such as Scratch Download~ =Forever_If, have a C-shaped “mouth” where you can insert other stack blocks.

Hats: These blocks have rounded tops, such as Scratch Download~ =When_Key_Pressed.
These blocks are placed at the tops of stacks. They wait for an event
to happen, such as a key being pressed, then run the blocks underneath
them.

Reporters: These blocks, such as Scratch Download~ =xposition and Scratch Download~ =Mouse_Down, are designed to fit in the input area of other blocks. Reporters with rounded ends (such as Scratch Download~ =xposition or Scratch Download~ =variable ) report numbers or strings, and fit in blocks with rounded or rectangular holes (such as Scratch Download~ =Set_Size_To_100 or Scratch Download~ =Say_Hello ). Reporters with pointed ends (such as Scratch Download~ =Mouse_Down) report boolean values (true or false) and fit inside blocks with pointed or rectangular holes (such as Scratch Download~ =Wait_Until or Scratch Download~ =Say_Hello).

Click on any reporter block to see its current value.

Some reporter blocks have a check box next to them, such as Scratch Download~ =X_Position.
If you click in the check box, a monitor appears on the stage,
displaying the current value of the reporter. As the value of the
reporter changes, the monitor updates automatically. A monitor can
display the value of the reporter in several different formats:

Scratch Download~ =Monitor_Small a small readout with the name of the reporter
Scratch Download~ =Monitor_Large a large readout without any name
Scratch Download~ =Monitor_Slider a slider that allows you to manipulate the value of the reporter (available only for variables)

Double-click or right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on a monitor to change from one format to another.

The
slider format is available only for user-created variables. Right-click
(Mac: Ctrl+click) on the monitor in slider format to adjust its minimum
and maximum values.

LISTS

You can create and manipulate lists in Scratch. Lists can store numbers as well as strings of letters and other characters.

To create a list, go to the Variables blocks category and click Scratch Download~ =Make_List.
Once you make a list, several list blocks will appear. The list blocks
are described in the Block Descriptions section of this guide.

When
you create a list, a list monitor will appear on the stage. A list
monitor shows all the items in a given list. You can type items
directly into a list monitor.


At first the list will be
empty, with length 0. To add to the list, click the + button on the
bottom left of the list monitor. The length will increase by 1.
Alternatively, you can add to the list using the list blocks (e.g., Scratch Download~ =add_string_list_example ).

You can resize the list monitor from the bottom right-hand corner.

Note:
You can right-click (Mac: Ctrl+click) on a list monitor to export a
list to a plain .txt file. You can also import any saved plain .txt
files with values on separate lines.

STRINGS

Strings are made of letters, words, or other characters (e.g., apple; October 2009; You win!).

Strings can be stored in variables or lists (such as Scratch Download~ =set_variable_example or Scratch Download~ =add_string_list_example).

You can join together strings using Scratch Download~ =JoinBlock. You can compare strings using the following blocks: Scratch Download~ =Equal_To, Scratch Download~ =Less_Than, or Scratch Download~ =Greater_Than.

Strings are evaluated as 0 in mathematical operation blocks (such as: Scratch Download~ =Add) and in blocks that expect a number (such as Scratch Download~ =move10stepsand Scratch Download~ =Change_Pen_Size_By_1).


KEYBOARD INPUT

You can use Scratch Download~ =AskBlock to prompt a user to type in a response on the keyboard. The response is stored in Scratch Download~ =AnswerBlock. The question appears on the screen and the program waits until the Enter key is pressed or the check mark is clicked.

Scratch Download~ =AskScreen

Scratch Download~ =AskScreenStage
The question appears in a voice balloon when used in a sprite.

The question appears at the bottom of the screen when used in the Stage.
Scratch Download~ =AnswerBlock is shared by all sprites (global) and is replaced each time Scratch Download~ =AskBlock runs. If you want to save the current Scratch Download~ =AnswerBlock, you can store it in a variable or list.


BLOCK DEscriptIONS

The
Scratch blocks are organized into eight color-coded categories: Motion,
Looks, Sound, Pen, Control, Sensing, Operators, and Variables.
Motion

Scratch Download~ =move10stepsMoves sprite forward or backward. Scratch Download~ =Turn_15_Degrees Rotates sprite clockwise. Scratch Download~ =Turn_15_Degrees_CounterRotates sprite counterclockwise. Scratch Download~ =Point_In_90 Points sprite in the specified direction. (0=up, 90=right, 180=down, -90=left)

Scratch Download~ =Point_TowardsPoints sprite toward mouse-pointer or another sprite. Scratch Download~ =Go_To_X_YMoves sprite to specified x and y position on Stage. Scratch Download~ =Go_To Moves sprite to the location of the mouse-pointer or another sprite. Scratch Download~ =Glide_1_Secs_To_X_Y Moves sprite smoothly to a specified position over specified length of time. Scratch Download~ =Change_X_By_10 Changes sprite’s x-position by specified amount. Scratch Download~ =Set_X_to Sets sprite’s x-position to specified value. Scratch Download~ =Change_Y_By_10 Changes sprite’s y-position by specified amount. Scratch Download~ =Set_Y_To Sets sprite’s y-position to specified value. Scratch Download~ =If_On_Edge_Bounce Turns sprite in opposite direction when sprite touches edge of Stage. Scratch Download~ =X_Position Reports sprite’s x-position. (Ranges from -240 to 240) Scratch Download~ =Y_Position Reports sprite’s y-position. (Ranges from -180 to 180) Scratch Download~ =DirectionReports sprite’s direction. (0=up, 90=right, 180=down, -90=left) Motor Blocks

The motor blocks only appear if you choose Show Motor Blocks in the Edit menu or if you plug in a LEGO WeDo. These blocks work with a LEGO WeDo motor. (See http://www.legoeducation.com)
Scratch Download~ =MotorOnFor Turns motor on for specified amount of time. Scratch Download~ =MotorOn Turns motor on. Scratch Download~ =MotorOff Turns motor off. Scratch Download~ =MotorPower Sets power of motor and turns motor on. (Ranges from 0 to 100) Scratch Download~ =MotorDirection
Sets direction of a motor, but does not turn the motor on. (this way =
clockwise; that way = counterclockwise; reverse = change direction)

Looks

Scratch Download~ =Switch_to_Costume Changes sprite’s appearance by switching to different costume.
Scratch Download~ =Next_Costume Changes sprite’s costume to next costume in the costume list. (If at end of the costume list, jumps back to first costume.)
Scratch Download~ =Costume_%23 Reports sprite’s current costume number.
Scratch Download~ =Switch_to_Background Changes Stage’s appearance by switching to a different background.
Scratch Download~ =Next_Background Changes Stage’s background to next background in the background list.
Scratch Download~ =Background_%23 Reports Stage’s current background number.
Scratch Download~ =Say_Hello_For_2_Secs Displays sprite’s speech bubble for specified amount of time.
Scratch Download~ =Say_Hello Displays sprite’s speech bubble. (You can remove speech bubble by running this block without any text.) Scratch Download~ =Think_Hmm_For_2_Secs Displays sprite’s thought bubble for specified amount of time. Scratch Download~ =Think_Hmm Displays sprite’s thought bubble.
Scratch Download~ =Change_Color_Effect_By_25 Changes a visual effect on a sprite by specified amount. (Use pull-down menu to choose effect.) Scratch Download~ =Set_Color_Effect_To_0 Sets a visual effect to a given number. (Most visual effects range from 0 to 100.) Scratch Download~ =Clear_Graphic_Effects Clears all graphic effects for a sprite. Scratch Download~ =Change_Size_By_10 Changes sprite’s size by specified amount. Scratch Download~ =Set_Size_To_100 Sets sprite’s size to specified % of original size. Scratch Download~ =Size Reports sprite’s size, as % of original size. Scratch Download~ =Show Makes sprite appear on the Stage. Scratch Download~ =Hide1 Makes sprite disappear from the Stage. (When sprite is hidden, other sprites cannot detect it with the touching? block.) Scratch Download~ =Go_To_Front Moves sprite in front of all other sprites. Scratch Download~ =Go_Back Moves sprite back a specified number of layers, so that it can be hidden behind other sprites.

Sound

Scratch Download~ =Play_Sound1 Starts playing a sound, selected from pull-down menu, and immediately goes on to the next block even as sound is still playing. Scratch Download~ =Play_Sound_Until_Done Plays a sound and waits until the sound is finished playing before continuing with next block.
Scratch Download~ =Stop_All_Sounds Stops playing all sounds.
Scratch Download~ =Play_Drum_For_Beats Plays a drum sound, selected from pull-down menu, for specified number of beats.
Scratch Download~ =Play_Note_For_Beats_with_Piano Plays a musical note (higher numbers for higher pitches) for specified number of beats.
Scratch Download~ =Rest_for Rests (plays nothing) for specified number of beats.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Instrument_To Sets the type of instrument that the sprite uses for play note blocks. (Each sprite has its own instrument.)
Scratch Download~ =ChangeVolumeBy Changes sprite’s sound volume by specified amount. Volume ranges from 0 to 100.
Scratch Download~ =SetVolume Sets sprite’s sound volume to specified value.
Scratch Download~ =Volume Reports sprite’s sound volume.
Scratch Download~ =ChangeTempoBy Changes sprite’s tempo by specified amount.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Tempo_to_BPM Sets sprite’s tempo to specified value in beats per minute.
Scratch Download~ =Tempo Reports sprite’s tempo in beats per minute.
Pen

Scratch Download~ =Clear Clears all pen marks and stamps from the Stage.
Scratch Download~ =Pen_Down Puts down sprite’s pen, so it will draw as it moves.
Scratch Download~ =Pen_Up Pulls up sprite’s pen, so it won’t draw as it moves.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Pen_Color_To Sets pen’s color, based on choice from color picker.
Scratch Download~ =Change_Pen_Color_By Changes pen’s color by specified amount.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Pen_Color_To_0 Sets pen’s color to specified value. (pen-color=0 at red end of rainbow, pen-color=100 at blue end of rainbow)
Scratch Download~ =Change_Pen_Shade_By Changes pen’s shade by specified amount.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Pen_Shade_To Sets pen’s shade to specified amount. (pen-shade=0 is very dark, pen-shade=100 is very light)
Scratch Download~ =Change_Pen_Size_By_1 Changes pen’s thickness.
Scratch Download~ =Set_Pen_Size_To_1 Sets pen’s thickness.
Scratch Download~ =Stamp Stamps sprite’s image onto the Stage.

Control

Scratch Download~ =WhenGreenFlag Runs script below when green flag is clicked.
Scratch Download~ =When_Key_Pressed Runs script below when specified key is pressed.
Scratch Download~ =When_Sprite1_Clicked Runs script below when sprite is clicked.
Scratch Download~ =Wait_1_Secs Waits specified number of seconds, then continues with next block.
Scratch Download~ =Forever Runs the blocks inside over and over.
Scratch Download~ =Repeat_10 Runs the blocks inside a specified number of times. Scratch Download~ =Broadcast Sends a message to all sprites, then continues with the next block without waiting for the triggered scripts. Scratch Download~ =Broadcast_And_Wait Sends a message to all sprites, triggering them to do something, and
waits until they all finish before continuing with next block.
Scratch Download~ =When_I_Receive Runs script below when it receives specified broadcast message.
Scratch Download~ =Forever_If Continually checks whether condition is true; whenever it is, runs the blocks inside.
Scratch Download~ =If If condition is true, runs the blocks inside.
Scratch Download~ =If_Else If condition is true, runs the blocks inside the if portion; if not, runs the blocks inside the else portion.
Scratch Download~ =Wait_Until Waits until condition is true, then runs the blocks below.
Scratch Download~ =Repeat_Until
Checks to see if condition is false; if so, runs blocks inside and
checks condition again. If condition is true, goes on to the blocks
that follow.
Scratch Download~ =Stop_script Stops the script.
Scratch Download~ =Stop_All Stops all scripts in all sprites.

Sensing

Scratch Download~ =Touching Reports true if sprite is touching specified sprite, edge, or mouse-pointer. (Selected from pull-down menu.)
Scratch Download~ =Touching_Color Reports true if sprite is touching specified color. (Click on color patch, then use eyedropper to select color.)
Scratch Download~ =Color_Is_Touching
Reports true if first color (within sprite) is touching second color
(in background or another sprite). (Click on color patch, then use
eyedropper to select color.) Scratch Download~ =AskBlock
Asks a question on the screen and stores keyboard input in the . Causes
the program to wait until Enter key is pressed or check mark is clicked. Scratch Download~ =AnswerBlock Reports keyboard input from the most recent use of Scratch Download~ =AskBlock. Shared by all sprites (global).
Scratch Download~ =Mouse_x Reports the x-position of mouse-pointer.
Scratch Download~ =Mouse_y Reports the y-position of mouse-pointer.
Scratch Download~ =Mouse_Down Reports true if mouse button is pressed.
Scratch Download~ =Key_Space_Pressed Reports true if specified key is pressed.
Scratch Download~ =Distance_To Reports distance from the specified sprite or mouse-pointer.
Scratch Download~ =Reset_Timer Sets the timer to zero.
Scratch Download~ =Timer Reports the value of the timer in seconds. (The timer is always running.)
Scratch Download~ =Property_of_Sprite Reports a property or variable of another sprite.
Scratch Download~ =Loudness Reports the volume (from 1 to 100) of sounds detected by the computer microphone.
Scratch Download~ =Loud Reports true if computer microphone detects a sound volume greater than 30 (on scale of 1 to 100).
Scratch Download~ =Slider_Sensor_Value
Reports the value of specified sensor. To use this block, you need a
sensor connected to your computer. You can use this with a Scratch
sensor board (http://www.playfulinvention.com/picoboard.html) or with LEGO®️ WeDo™️ (http://www.legoeducation.com).
Scratch Download~ =Sensor_Button_Pressed
Reports true if specified sensor is pressed. To use this block, you
need to have a Scratch sensor board connected to your computer. (See http://www.playfulinvention.com/picoboard.html)
Operators

Scratch Download~ =Add Adds two numbers.
Scratch Download~ =Subtract Subtracts second number from first number.
Scratch Download~ =Multiply Multiplies two numbers.
Scratch Download~ =Divide Divides first number by second number.
Scratch Download~ =Pick_Random_1_to_10 Picks a random integer within the specified range.
Scratch Download~ =Less_Than Reports true if first value is less than second.
Scratch Download~ =Equal_To Reports true if two values are equal.
Scratch Download~ =Greater_Than Reports true if first value is greater than second.
Scratch Download~ =And Reports true if both conditions are true.
Scratch Download~ =Or Reports true if either condition is true.
Scratch Download~ =Not Reports true if condition is false; reports false if condition is true.
Scratch Download~ =JoinBlock Concatenates (combines) strings.
Scratch Download~ =length Reports the number of letters in a string.
Scratch Download~ =letterOf Reports the letter at the specified position in a string.
Scratch Download~ =Math Reports result of selected function (abs, sqrt, sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, ln, log, e^, 10^) applied to specified number.
Scratch Download~ =Mod Reports remainder from division of first number by second number.

Scratch Download~ =Round Reports closest integer to a number.
Variables

Scratch Download~ =Make_a_variable
Allows you to create and name a new variable. When you create a
variable, the blocks for that variable will appear. You can choose
whether the variable is for all sprites (global) or just for one sprite
(local).
Scratch Download~ =delete_a_variable Deletes all blocks associated with a variable.
Scratch Download~ =variable Reports value of the variable.
Scratch Download~ =Change_Score_13
Changes the variable by specified amount. If you have more than one
variable, use the pull-down menu to select the variable name.
Scratch Download~ =Score_13 Sets the variable to specified value.
Scratch Download~ =Show_Variable Shows the variable monitor on the stage.
Scratch Download~ =Hide_Variable Hides the variable monitor so it is not visible on the stage.
Scratch Download~ =Make_List
Allows you to create and name a new list. When you create a list, the
blocks for that list will appear. You can choose whether the list is
for all sprites (global) or just for one sprite (local).
Scratch Download~ =delete-a-list Deletes the blocks associated with the list.
Scratch Download~ =My_List_Box Reports all the items in the list.
Scratch Download~ =Add_to_List Adds the specified item to the end of the list. The item can be a number or a string of letters and other characters.
Scratch Download~ =delete-list
Deletes one or all items from a list. You can choose from the pull-down
menu, or use a number to specify which item to delete. Choosing “last”
deletes the last item in the list. Choosing “all” deletes everything
from the list. Deleting decreases the length of the list.
Scratch Download~ =insert_list
Inserts an item at the specified position in the list. You can choose
from the pull-down menu, or use a number to specify where to insert the
item. Choosing “last” adds the item to the end of the list. Choosing
“any” inserts at a random place in the list. The length of the list
increases by 1. Scratch Download~ =replace_list
Replaces an item in the list with the specified value. You can choose
from the pull-down menu, or use a number to specify which item to
replace. Choosing “last” replaces the last item on the list. Choosing
“any” replaces a random item in the list. The length of the list does
not change.
Scratch Download~ =item_list
Reports the item at the specifed position in the list. You can choose
from the pull-down menu, or use a number to specify which item to
report. Choosing “any” reports a random item in the list. Scratch Download~ =length_list Reports how many items are in the list.
Scratch Download~ =ListContains Reports true if the list contains the specified item. (The item must match exactly to report true.)


4. APPENDIX

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR SCRATCH VERSION 1.4

Computer OS:
Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows Vista
Mac OS X 10.4 or later

Display: 800x480 or larger, thousands or millions of colors (16-bit color or greater).
Disk: At least 120 megabytes of free space to install Scratch
Note:
Scratch comes with a large media library and a collection of Sample
projects. If you have very limited disk space, you can delete the Media
and Projects folders from the Scratch folder.

Memory: Most computers have enough memory to run Scratch. Older computers may run Scratch slowly.
Sound:
To take advantage of sound ouput and input, you need speakers (or
headphones) and a microphone. Many laptops have speakers and
microphones built in.
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